Parathyroid

Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1248255AbstractThis review reflects on the past, present, and future of translational research on calcitropic hormones and bone metabolism. Calcitonin (CT) and parathormone (PTH) are complementary hormones involved in the acquisition and maintenance of bone mass and regulation of calcium metabolism. Early research demonstrated that these hormones could have an important role in the treatment of osteoporosis. Calcitonin was approved for this indication by the FDA more than two decades ago, and PTH gained regulatory approval for the treatment of osteoporosis nearly ten years ago. Unfortunately, basic research underlying the mechanism of action of these agents has lagged behind drug approval, and the role of these hormones in bone remodeling is still not firm...

Barczynski MJournal of Postgraduate Medicine 2009 55(4):239-240 (Source: Journal of Postgraduate Medicine)

Conclusion : The results of MIP achieved in high-volume endocrine surgery centers can be replicated in low-volume center without any intraoperative adjuncts, in patients with overt clinical pHPT and concordant results of sestamibi and ultrasound. (Source: Journal of Postgraduate Medicine)

This study aimed at the evaluation of vitamin D levels in a cohort of healthy Saudi Arabs. The comprised 139 healthy subjects coming for regular blood donation. Participants had full clinical examination and evaluation of their calcium and vitamin D intake and the degree of exposure to sunlight. Serum 25-OH vitamin D was determined using Liasion chemiluminescent immunoassay and serum parathormone levels were determined using the Architect 2 000 immunochemiluminescent assay. Our results showed increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency between Saudi Arabs (both males and females) in the studied group of subjects. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) did not correlate with serum vitamin D level in either male or female groups (p<0.01). Our data illustrate a high prevalence of vitamin D...

Authors: Kuwabara A, Himeno M, Tsugawa N, Kamao M, Fujii M, Kawai N, Fukuda M, Ogawa Y, Kido S, Okano T, Tanaka K There have been methodological problems for studying hypovitaminosis D and K in the elderly. First, studies were done either by evaluating food intake or measuring their circulating levels, but rarely by both in Japan. In this paper, vitamin D and K intakes and their circulating levels were simultaneously determined. Second issue is whether hypovitaminosis D and K are independent of general malnutrition, prevalent in the elderly. We tried to statistically discriminate them by principal component analysis (PCA). Fifty institutionalized elderly were evaluated for their circulating 25 hydroxy-vitamin D (25OH-D), intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), phylloquinone (PK), menaquinone...

Conclusions In our preclinical model SPECT analyses revealed the functional potential of PTH reducing size of infarction together with an enhanced homing of BMCs to the myocardium in contrast to G-CSF. A combination of both cytokines did not improve the functional outcome suggesting clinical applications of PTH in ischemic heart diseases. Key words: Myocardial infarction, stem cells, G-CSF, Parathyroid hormone. PMID: 20207820 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology)

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CONCLUSIONS: Oral cholecalciferol supplementation in HD patients seems to be an easy and cost-effective therapeutic measure. It allows reduction of vitamin D deficiency, better control of mineral metabolism with less use of active vitamin D, attenuation of inflammation, reduced dosing of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, and possibly improvement of cardiac dysfunction. PMID: 20203163 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN)

In conclusion, due to its effects on bone and to the hypocalcemia and severe hyperphosphatemia it induces, we believe that cinacalcet should not be used in patients with CKD without further detailed studies. Key words: calcimimetics, vitamin D, Uremia, hyperphosphatemia. PMID: 20200094 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Physiol Renal P...)

Conclusion Room temperature on i-PTH kit during transport alters the standard curve, resulting in a decrease in i-PTH. Using a pool as internal quality control allows the detection of these changes not detected by kit controls. (Source: Annals of Clinical Biochemistry)

PTH battles TGF-β in bone Nature Cell Biology 12, 205 (2010). doi:10.1038/ncb0310-205 Authors: Azeddine Atfi & Roland Baron Bone remodelling in vertebrates is coordinately regulated by the opposing effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). PTH couples the processes of bone resorption and formation by enforcing simultaneous internalization of TGF-β type II receptor (TβRII) and PTH type 1 receptor (PTH1R), which attenuates both TGF-β and PTH signalling in vivo. (Source: Nature Cell Biology)

BACKGROUND: Vertebral fractures increase the risk of new vertebral fractures; however, we are not aware of any study addressing the risk of new vertebral fractures adjacent to existing vertebral fractures. Therefore, we sought to determine the influence of the number and severity of prevalent (preexisting) vertebral fractures on the risk of new adjacent vertebral fractures and to determine whether teriparatide (rhPTH [recombinant human parathyroid hormone] [1-34]) or raloxifene treatment reduces the incidence of adjacent vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. (Source: The Spine Journal)

Authors: Islam MZ, Shamim AA, Viljakainen HT, Akhtaruzzaman M, Jehan AH, Khan HU, Al-Arif FA, Lamberg-Allardt C Due to little outdoor activity and low dietary intake of vitamin D (VD), Bangladeshi low-income women are at risk for osteoporosis at an early age. The present study assessed the effect of VD, Ca and multiple micronutrient supplementation on VD and bone status in Bangladeshi young female garment factory workers. This placebo-controlled 1-year intervention randomly assigned 200 apparently healthy subjects (aged 16-36 years) to four groups: VD group, daily 10 mug VD; VD and Ca (VD-Ca) group, daily 10 mug VD+600 mg Ca; multiple micronutrient and Ca (MMN-Ca) group, 10 mug VD and other micronutrients+600 mg Ca; a placebo group. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25OHD), intact parathyro...

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(Source: Clinical Chemistry)

This study showed that amlodipine prevents the reduction in bone density during the repeated dosing in SHR-sp. Amlodipine might exert its effect through a direct inhibition of osteoclast function and/or suppression of PTH secretion and subsequent inhibition of osteoclast activity. PMID: 20193679 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Pharmacology)

Conclusions. The results of this audit suggest that haemodiafiltration offers improved phosphate control compared to standard intermittent haemodialysis. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)

Conclusions. Pre-transplant glycaemia and high post-transplant levels of urea were associated with a greater risk of PHYG. This seemed to be independent of GFR, PTH, phosphate, calcium and traditional risk factors such as age and glucocorticoid load. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)

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Authors: Anagnostis P, Karagiannis A, Tziomalos K, Athyros VG, Kita M, Mikhailidis DP Hypertension is a major contributor to vascular morbidity and mortality. Endocrine hypertension (EH) refers to secondary hypertension caused by specific endocrine abnormalities. The significance of EH is that the identification of the underlying disorder and its management may lead to partial or complete normalization of blood pressure. When EH is suspected thorough investigation with biochemical and imaging testing are necessary to establish or exclude mineralocorticoid, catecholamine, glucocorticoid, thyroid, parathyroid or growth hormone disorders as well as rare hereditary syndromes. In addition, it is important to differentiate benign from malignant tumors. The present review provides an update o...

Authors: Cozzolino M, Mazzaferro S Recently, a new view into the molecular mechanisms of phosphate homeostasis and secondary hyperparathyroidism pathogenesis has been proposed, with Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF-23) as a novel player in the field. Enhanced serum FGF-23 levels cause a reduction in serum phosphate, together with calcitriol suppression and consequent hyperparathyroidism. In contrast, reduced serum FGF-23 levels are associated with hyperphosphatemia, higher calcitriol levels and parathyroid hormone (PTH) suppression. In addition, there are different FGF-23 actions that need investigation. In clinical practice, increased knowledge of mineral metabolism disorders alterations in chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be used to improve diagnostics and select future treatments. T...

Conclusions: Alcoholic patients may have many complications such as poor ADL and dementia, which are independently associated with decreased bone density. The results of this study support the idea that comprehensive approach to lifestyle factors to minimize risk of osteoporosis is the best way to improve bone density. (Source: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research)

The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) plays a major role in the maintenance of a physiological serum ionized calcium (Ca2+) concentration by regulating the circulating levels of parathyroid hormone. It was molecularly identified in 1993 by Brown et al. in the laboratory of Dr. Steven Hebert with an expression cloning strategy. Subsequent studies have demonstrated that the CaSR is highly expressed in the kidney, where it is capable of integrating signals deriving from the tubular fluid and/or the interstitial plasma. Additional studies elucidating inherited and acquired mutations in the CaSR gene, the existence of activating and inactivating autoantibodies, and genetic polymorphisms of the CaSR have greatly enhanced our understanding of the role of the CaSR in mineral ion metabo...